Shiai rules and roles

Just a few useful reference when watching a shiai (match).
Please refer to published books or BKA official guide for more details!

For one shiai-jo:
3 referees

2 ribbon tying people (one on each side of the shiai-jo, with red or white ribbons)
1 score-board keeper
1 time-keeper (a person with a stopwatch and a yellow flag)

Score board:
men - M
kote - K
do - D
tsuki - T
hansoku - triangle
hikiwake - X

Words used in matches:

ippon
Ippon is a score. A normal match is "sanbon shobu" (or three-point match) where a competitor with two points win.
If two points are scored initially by the same player twice, then there won't be a third game.
If two competitors each score ippon each, then there will be the determining game, or "shobu".

hansoku
Hansoku is a faul. It happens most commonly in "jo-gai" which is a faul of a competitor stepping out of the shiai-jo.
Also, hansoku may be called by the referee if boryoku (violence) is used during the match.

shiai
Shiai is a match.

shiai-jo
A square field defined by a line drawn on the floor where the match takes place.
It's a square with two lines where each player stands behind with a toe at least touching the line.
The cross defines the centre of the shiai-jo.

When a player steps out of the square, the refree calls "jo-gai".
This is hansoku, and if repeated twice, would accumulate to ippon for the other player.

encho
Encho is a extended period of time in which the match continues beyond its normal time-limit.
This happens when the match hasn't been decided.

shinpan
Referee

"hajime" - "Start" refree's declaration of the beginning of a game (time starts)
"yame" - "Stop" refree's call to stop a game (time stops)
"wakare" - "Separate" referee's call to separate the two competitors to tooma.
"shobu ari" - "Match has been decided" - referee's call to declare the end of the match.
"hikiwake" -"Draw" - referee declares the end of match with a draw. This happens when no ippon has been scored by either of the competitors, or both scored one ippon each.